you may use the below information to get an idea of the breath of topics in the free response section of the ap chem exam.  do not attempt to "guess" the topics on the upcoming ap chem exam - study everything !

 

year standard exam late exam

2000

 

 

 

 

 
  • Q1  Kc; gas
  • Q2  Ecell; balance redox Rx; electrolysis; dG, Kc
  • Q3  %composition; stoichiometry; redox titration
  • Q4  NIE
  • Q5  design freezing-point depression lab to determine molar mass of cpd
  • Q6  dH, dS, dG (qualitative); rate law from mechanism & data
  • Q7  electron configuration, isotopes; IE; Lewis structure; molecular polarity
  • Q8  acid-base titration curve, NIE, pH indicator, pH at equilivalence point (qualitative)
 

2001

 

 

 

 
  • Q1  Ksp
  • Q2  dH, dG, dS, Keq, bond enthalpy
  • Q3  % composition; empirical formula; acid-base titration, equivalence point, find Ka
  • Q4  NIE
  • Q5  colligative properties; solubility rules, oxidizing / reducing agents
  • Q6  Rx type; kinetics – [A] vs time
  • Q7  electrochem cell; Nernst eqn, Keq
  • Q8  IMF: boiling point & physical state
  

2002

 

 

 

 

 
  • Q1  Ka, pH, acid-base titration, equivalence point, prepare buffer calculation; acid strength & structure
  • Q2  stoichiometry, Ecell, dG
  • Q3  gas stoichiometry, dH, effusion & molar mass; organic isomers
  • Q4  NIE
  • Q5  dH lab
  • Q6  rationalize relative atomic size, IE, bond energy (single vs. double), boiling point
  • Q7  Rx mechanism; identify catalyst vs. intermediate; rate law
  • Q8  dS, dH (qualitative); energy profile

 
  • Q1  Ka, pH, % ionization, buffer pH calc, weak acid – strong base titration pH calc
  • Q2  gas; partial pressure; mole fraction; density
  • Q3  redox; Kp, dG, DH, dS,
  • Q4  NIE
  • Q5  solubility lab
  • Q6  rationalize: bond length, molecular polarity, molecular shape, acid strength
  • Q7  electrochem cell; cathode vs. anode; Nernst eqn
  • Q8  determine K a using acid-base titration curve; sketch titration curve; pH at equivalence point

2003

 

 

 

 

 

 
  • Q1  Kb, pH, weak base – strong acid titration pH calc; equivalence point pH; pH indicator
  • Q2  gas; partial pressure; mole fraction; effusion
  • Q3  rate law; Ecell; balance redox Rx
  • Q4  NIE
  • Q5  Beer’s law lab
  • Q6  chem Rx; colligative properties, ideal gas
  • Q7  bond enthalpy; dS, dG, Rx spontaneity
  • Q8   organic structural formula, bond angles; IMF & dHvap; isomer; hybrid orbitals; sigma vs. pi bonds  

 

 
  • Q1  Kc, Kp, [A] vs. time graph; calc [product]
  • Q2  stoichiometry; limiting reactant; pH of strong acid
  • Q3  empirical formula; determine molar mass based gas density; dH; calorimetry
  • Q4  NIE
  • Q5  redox titration lab
  • Q6  electrochem cell; salt bridge; Nernst eqn
  • Q7  rationalize: ionic size, IE, nonmetal vs. metal, inert gas unreactivity
  • Q8  radioactive decay; graphical analysis; half-life 
 

2004

 

 

 

 

 
  • Q1  K sp
  • Q2  stoichiometry; limiting reactant; dS, DH, dG
  • Q3  Beer’s law – calibration curve; find rate constant by analyzing [A] vs. time data; graphical analysis, half-life; error analysis
  • Q4  NIE
  • Q5  solubility lab
  • Q6  electrochem cell; Ecell; cathode vs. anode; Nernst eqn
  • Q7  rationalize: IMF vs. physical state; melting point; molecular shape; molecular polarity
  • Q8  Lewis structure; molecular shape; Charles’ law; kinetic theory of gas (KE, V rms)  
  • Q1  Kp; Q
  • Q2  empirical formula; molar mass based on gas density; gas law; gas stoichiometry
  • Q3  stoichiometry; rate law; half-life; rate constant; graphical analysis
  • Q4  NIE
  • Q5  acid – base titration lab
  • Q6  Ecell; NIE for redox Rx; cathode vs. andode
  • Q7  bond enthalpy; dS, dG, Keq
  • Q8  Keq& [reactant] vs. [product]; dH based on Keq dependence of T; organic isomers

2005

 

 

 

 

 
  • Q1  Ka, pH, Kb
  • Q2  empirical formula; combustion Rx; molar mass based on colligative property data; organic functional group
  • Q3  rate law from initial rate data; graphical analysis
  • Q4  NIE
  • Q5  identify chemical based on solubility, pH upon dissolving in water, effect on flame
  • Q6  Lewis structure; molecular shape; hybrid oribital; sigma vs. pi bonds; formal charge
  • Q7  rationalize: IMF & boiling point; melting point; IE; isotope abundance
  • Q8  dG, dS, dH, solubility; redox Rx
 
  • Q1  Ka, pH, NIE; strong base – weak acid titration pH calc
  • Q2  electrolysis; gas stochiometry
  • Q3  analyze kinetics data & graph; rate law
  • Q4  NIE
  • Q5  Rx stoichiometry lab; % yield
  • Q6  kinetic theory of gas; pressure; V rms; KE; gas law
  • Q7  dH; Hess’ law, dHf; dS; bond enthapy
  • Q8  Lewis structure; bond length; IMF & relative boiling point
 

 

2006

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
  • Q1  Ksp
  • Q2  dH, dS, dG, Keq, Rx spontaneity
  • Q3  combustion Rx; % composition; empirical formula; molecular formula; molar mass based on gas density
  • Q4  NIE
  • Q5  identify cpd  based on pH, solubility; solution dilution calc
  • Q6  IMF & solubility; IMF vs. chemcial bond
  • Q7  Rx energy profile; catalyzed vs. uncatalyzed Rx
  • Q8  Lewis structure; hybrid orbital; molecular shape; bond angle; oxidation #

 

 
  • Q1  Ka; pH & [A] in strong base - weak acid titration; pH at equivalence point
  • Q2  electrochem cell; NIE for redox Rx; Ecell; dG; Nernst eqn
  • Q3  dH, dS, dG, Keq, effect of temperature on Keq
  • Q4  NIE
  • Q5  Beer law lab; absorbance spectrum; calibration curve; determine Kc; error analysis
  • Q6  Lewis structure; bond angle; molecular polarity; hybrid orbital; molecular shape  
  • Q7  rationalize atomic size, IE; emission spectra
  • Q8  rationalize observations using redox Rx, heat flow, chemical Rx

2007*

 

 

 

 

 
  • Q1  Ka, pH, strong base - weak acid titration
  • Q2  dH, dS, dG, Keq, bond enthalpy
  • Q3  electrochem cell; redox NIE; dG, electrolysis
  • Q4  NIE
  • Q5  % composition; oxdiation #; redox titration; error analysis
  • Q6  Lewis structure; molecular shape; hybrid orbital; Rx energy profile; catalyst

 

 
  • Q1  Kp; partial pressure; dG, dS, dH, LeChalitier's principle
  • Q2  isotope abundance; emission spectra; light: wavelength & frequency & energy;
  • Q3  electrochem cell; gas stoichiometry; Ecell; cathode vs. anode; electrolysis
  • Q4  NIE
  • Q5  Lewis structure of organic cpd;  how to make a solution; basis of buffer using chemical eqn; its pH
  • Q6  electron configuration; IE; oxidation # ; identify atom based on IE pattern

2008

 

 

 
  • Q1  Kp
  • Q2  lab:  amount of hydrate in a cpd & amount of Cl via selective ppt
  • Q3  electrochem & thermo; kinetics:  find rate law
  • Q4  NIE
  • Q5  ionization energy basis; Lewis structure; VSEPR; polar versus nonpolar cpd; hybrid orbital
  • Q6  organic; IMF & solubility / boiling point;
  • Q1  Kp
  • Q2  kinetics:  find the rate law; mechanism
  • Q3  soln stochiometry; limiting reactant
  • Q4  NIE
  • Q5  lab:  identify unknown based on solubility rules
  • Q6  equilibrium / thermo; LeChatelier's principle

2009

 

 

 

 
  • Q1  Ka; relative acid strength; Lewis structure; Kb; Kw
  • Q2  lab:  molar mass of a gas; % error; error analysis
  • Q3  stochiometry; limiting reactant; bond enthalpy; light:  energy / wavelength; reaction mechanism
  • Q4  NIE
  • Q5  Kp; thermo
  • Q6  e- configuration; magnetism; relative atom / ion size; valence bond theory; IMF
  • blah, blah

 

 

 

 

2010

 

 

 
  • Q1  Ksp
  • Q2  lab:  enthalpy; % error; error analysis
  • Q3  soln stochiometry; kinetics:  find rate law
  • Q4  NIE
  • Q5  Lewis structure; bond length; VSEPR; polar vs. nonpolar cpd; IMF & solubility
  • Q6  ionization energy; e- configuration; electrochem & thermo
  • blah, blah

 

 

 

2011

 

 
  • Q1  pH of weak acid, base, salt; buffer
  • Q2  lab:  expt design; % mass in sample
  • Q3  thermo & electrochem; electrolysis
  • Q4  NIE
  • Q5  Lewis structure; IMF & boiling pt; weak base Rx; themo; type Rx
  • Q6  vapor pressure; kinetics:  graphical analysis
  • blah, blah

 

 

 

 

* Exam format changes

Q2 & Q3; calculator use

prior to 2007: pick one

2007 +: no choice; do both

Q4 NIE (net ionic equations)

prior to 2007: pick 5 out of 8; need not balance chem. eqn; no questions

2007 +: 3 NIE; balance chem. eqn; question about Rx

Q7 & Q8

prior to 2007: pick one

2007 +: none, but there are still 6 FR questions